This article will discuss about the fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering, some of the important topics in this field, and how it is related to civil engineering. Geotechnical Engineering deals with the Earth’s natural phenomena which might include earthquakes, landslides, mudflows, flows of liquids or gases that occurs underground or surface processes that can affect landforms. This type of engineering includes practice in geology, structural design and materials handling including foundations for buildings and bridges. One specialized field coming from this type is Geo-engineering which includes practices such as ground water reclamation or water pollution control where new ways are being developed for utilizing these principles outside their traditional application areas. This is particularly relevant where the topography is very steep or there are significant problems relating to the safe disposal of liquid or solid wastes. The civil engineering aspect of Geotechnical Engineering involves the planning, design, construction and operation of buildings, roads, tunnels and other structures on or below ground level. These structures are built using the information gathered from geotechnical engineers on soil composition including strength, compressibility, shear strength and density. Further studies are also required on surface water movement within channels that will affect soils due to erosion or deposition. The Geotechnical Engineer must also consider earthquakes that can cause landslides when designing bridge abutments and other foundations for roadways. This is where engineers from different disciplines come together to work as a team to solve a problem. In the United States, there are about five million jobs that could be affected by a natural disaster, but these figures do not include the invisible costs that occur every day which potentially could be costlier. For instance, thinking of the approximately 2 millions jobs included in transportation and logistics alone would mean billions of dollars losses if an event such as Hurricane Katrina hit the U.S.. In addition to this, where earthquakes cause landslides or mudflows as happened in China after 2008 Sichuan earthquake, it will result to catastrophic loss of life and property. Geotechnical engineers are involved in disaster prevention and risk mitigation because these engineers can design structures that can withstand natural hazards. This is also the case in places where there are problems with ground water contamination since these types of engineers have knowledge of geology, chemistry and physics which enables them to handle the problem. In order to solve a problem, geotechnical engineering can begin by collecting an enormous amount of data to fully understand the problem. This may include studies on slope instability, mass movements, tunnels, infrastructure development and groundwater flood control. There are times when the solution to a problem could be very technical or simply not understood by non-scientists. With this, geotechnical engineers might need to communicate technical concepts to non-technical people which is very important in solving problems. Geotechnical engineering is an ideal career for people who are interested in the discipline of science and nature. This also goes with those who enjoy solving problems that concern science and engineering. There are many career paths that one can take which includes working as a consultant, researcher, teacher or government employee. Since there are different types of geotechnical engineering which deals with specific areas such as construction materials handling or ground water contamination control, it would be easier for engineers to specialize on their area of interest rather than learning every aspect of geotechnical engineering.
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